Pilot-scale field model tests for detecting landfill leachate intrusion into the subsurface using a grid-net electrical conductivity measurement system     

Myoung?Hak?Oh  Ju?Hyung?Lee  Gil?Lim?Yoon  Junboum?ParkEmail author 《Environmental Geology》2003,45(2):181-189

The grid-net electrical conductivity measurement system for detecting exact locations of landfill leachate intrusion in the subsurface was developed in this study. Laboratory and pilot-scale field model tests were performed to evaluate the direct application of a grid-net electrical conductivity measurement system for the detection of landfill leachate. A significant increase in electrical conductivity of soil was observed by adding landfill leachate. This can be explained as an increase in electrical conductivity of pore fluid due to an increase in leachate constituents as charge carriers. In pilot-scale field model tests, leachate intrusion locations were accurately identified at the initial stage of landfill leachate release by the grid-net electrical conductivity measurement system. The electrical conductivity of the subsurface before leachate injection lay within a small range of 24.8–43.0 S/cm. The electrical conductivity values in detected points were approximately ten times more than the conductivity values of the subsurface without landfill leachate intrusion. The results in this study indicate that the grid-net electrical conductivity measurement method has a possible application for detecting locations of landfill leachate intrusion into the subsurface at the initial stage, and thus has great potential in monitoring leachate leakage at waste landfills.  相似文献   

On Climate Variations and Changes Observed in South Korea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yong-Seung Chung  Ma-Byung Yoon  Hak-Sung Kim 《Climatic change》2004,66(1-2):151-161

This study describes observations on possible climate changes occurring on the Korean Peninsula. We found that in large urban and industrial areas in Korea, there has been a significant increase in the annual mean temperatures according to data of the past 29 years. The increase in January temperatures was in the order of 0.8 ～ 2.4 ° C. However, in rural and marine stations, the increase in annual mean temperature was 0.6 ° C; the level of the global average. There was also an increase in precipitation: 259 mm over the recent 97 years. Observation has revealed that a month-long steady rainfall in late June and July with a quasi-stationary polar front has not occurred in recent years and has been replaced with scattered convective heavy-showers on a local scale in July and August. It is observed that the behaviour of this rainy front, `the Changma front' has brought changes to rainfall characteristics. Our results highlight the importance of the shortened rainy season. However, the amount of rainfall and the number of heavy rainfall days have increased.  相似文献   

Evaluation of multiphase flotation models in grid turbulence via Particle Image Velocimetry     

Michael R. Brady  Demetri P. Telionis  Pavlos P. Vlachos  Roe-Hoan Yoon 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2006,80(2-4):133-143

Industrial processes involving multi-phase flows such as flotation require understanding of the relationships between bubbles, solid particles and the flow. Modern experimental tools are employed in this effort to measure with great accuracy the basic features of the motion of all three phases in turbulent flow. We employed a unique Digital Particle Image Velocimeter (DPIV) that can record with great accuracy and kHz temporal resolution, velocity vectors of all three phases, namely the fluid, the solid particles and the air bubbles. The interaction of these three phases was studied in homogeneous isotropic turbulence generated by cylindrical grids. Particles and bubbles were released into the turbulence and the motions of the three phases were monitored. The experimental results obtained in the present work were compared with the predictions of the models published in the literature.  相似文献   

Simulation of long-period 3-D elastic responses for whole earth models     

Kwi-Hyon Yoon  George A. McMechan 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,120(3):721-730

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An early Chinese idea of a dynamic environmental cycle     

Yoon  Hong-key 《GeoJournal》1985,10(2):211-212

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The collectorless flotation of chalcopyrite ores using sodium sulfide     

Gerald H. Luttrell  Roe-Hoan Yoon 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》1984,13(4):271-283

The collectorless flotation process has been tested on six different chalcopyrite ores while monitoring the potentials ($\text{E}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>h</mtext>}}$) of the pulp. The results show that collectorless flotation is effective only under oxidizing conditions. In addition, the flotation requires that the chalcopyrite surface be relatively free of hydrophilic oxidation products, which can be accomplished by treating the ore pulp with sodium sulfide (Na₂S). On the basis of these findings, methods of improving the collectorless flotation process are discussed.  相似文献   

Biological and Physical Attenuation of Endocrine Disruptors and Pharmaceuticals: Implications for Water Reuse   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shane A. Snyder  Joseph Leising  Paul Westerhoff  Yeomin Yoon  Heath Mash  Brett Vanderford 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2004,24(2):108-118

A select group of endocrine disrupters, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products was studied to determine the degree of biological attenuation in water reuse applications. Laboratory investigations involved both batch reactors using biologically active sand and continuous flow simulated aquifer storage and recovery experiments. All laboratory experiments were conducted using Colorado River water spiked with various target compounds at concentrations between 10 and 100 ng/L. Field studies were also conducted to determine the occurrence and attenuation of target compounds in water reuse applications. Two golf courses irrigated with reuse water were studied to determine if turf applications led to contamination of nearby ground water. A waste water treatment facility that uses rapid infiltration basins seasonally was also tested to determine the degree of attenuation of detectable target compounds along a subsurface flowpath. A qualitative structural activity relationship model was applied to the target compounds to predict the general rate of aerobic biological degradation. Significant attenuation of many target compounds was observed in both laboratory and field experiments. Conversely, several compounds displayed limited removal during these studies. Field experiments were limited to detectable compounds and various nonbiological removal or concentration effects that may impact data interpretations, which are discussed in this paper. The predictive model was found to be moderately accurate within the confines of the project scope.  相似文献   

Broad depth range seismic imaging of the subducted Nazca Slab, North Chile     

S. Buske  S. Lüth  H. Meyer  R. Patzig  C. Reichert  S. Shapiro  P. Wigger  M. Yoon 《Tectonophysics》2002,350(4):93-282

In this paper, we present a compilation of modern seismic and seismological methods applied to image the subduction process in North Chile, South America. We use data from active and passive seismic experiments that were acquired within the framework of the German Collaborative Research Center SFB267 ‘Deformation Processes in the Andes’. The investigation area is located between 20° and 25°S and extends from the trench down to 100 km depth. In the depth range between the sea bottom and 15 km, we process an offshore seismic reflection profile using a recently developed velocity-model-independent stacking procedure. We find that the upper part of the subducting oceanic lithosphere in this depth range is characterized by a horst-and-graben structure. This structure supports an approximately 3 km thick coupling zone between the plates. In the depth range between 15 and 45 km, we analyse the spatial distribution of aftershocks of the Antofagasta earthquake (1995). The aftershock hypocenters are concentrated in an approximately 3 km thick layer. Finally, in the depth range between 45 and 100 km, we apply Kirchhoff prestack depth migration to the onshore ANCORP profile. A double reflection zone is observed between 45 and 60 km depth, which may represent the upper and lower boundary of the subducted oceanic crust. Over the whole range down to more than 80–90 km depth, we obtain an image of the subducting slab. At that depth, the hypocenters of local earthquakes deviate significantly in the direction perpendicular to the slab face from the reflective parts of the slab. Consequently, our results yield a complete seismic image of the downgoing plate and the associated seismic coupling zone.  相似文献   

Postglacial marine environmental changes in Maxwell Bay, King George Island, West Antarctica   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Boo-Keun Khim  Ho Il Yoon 《Polar research》2003,22(2):341-353

Sediment textural properties and total organic carbon (TOC) contents of three sediment cores from Maxwell Bay, King George Island, West Antarctica, record changes in Holocene glaciomarine sedimentary environments. The lower sedimentary unit is mostly composed of TOC-poor diamictons, indicating advanced coastal glacier margins and rapid iceberg discharge in proximal glaciomarine settings with limited productivity and meltwater supply. Fine-grained, TOC-rich sediments in the upper lithologic unit suggest more open water and warm conditions, leading to enhanced biological productivity due to increased nutrient-rich meltwater supply into the bay. The relationship between TOC and total sulfur (TS) indicates that the additional sulfur within the sediment has not originated from in situ pyrite formation under the reducing condition, but rather may be attributed to the detrital supply of sand-sized pyrite from the hydrothermal-origin, quartz-pyrite rocks widely distributed in King George Island. The evolution of bottom-water hydrography after deglaciation was recorded in the benthic foraminiferal stable-isotopic composition, corroborated by the TOC and lithologic changes. The ع⁸O values indicate that bottom-water in Maxwell Bay was probably mixed gradually with intruding ¹⁸O-rich seawater from Bransfield Strait. In addition, the ع³C values reflect a spatial variability in the carbon isotope distribution in Maxwell Bay, depending on marine productivity as well as terrestrial carbon fluxes by meltwater discharge. The distinct lithologic transition, dated to approximately 8000 yr BP (uncorrected) and characterized by textural and geochemical contrasts, highlights the postglacial environmental change by a major coastal glacier retreat in Maxwell Bay.  相似文献   

Remnant evolution after a carbon–oxygen white dwarf merger     

S.-C. Yoon  Ph. Podsiadlowski  S. Rosswog 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,380(3):933-948

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